Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
Understanding the scope and limitations of fundamental rights, especially in the context of public demonstrations and state action, is vital for governance and law enforcement. UPSC consistently tests knowledge of these rights and their practical application.
The right to protest is a fundamental right guaranteed under Article 19(1)(a) (freedom of speech and expression) and Article 19(1)(b) (freedom to assemble peaceably and without arms) of the Indian Constitution. However, these rights are not absolute and are subject to reasonable restrictions under Article 19(2) and 19(3) in the interest of public order, sovereignty, and integrity of India.