UPSC Notes

Modernization of India's Criminal Justice System

PYQs

8

Articles

1

Momentum

21

Phase IFoundation

Background

Overview

Addresses governance challenges, technological adoption in public services, and the ongoing reform process in a critical sector like justice delivery.

Modernization of the criminal justice system involves updating legal frameworks, integrating technology, and enhancing the capacity of law enforcement and judicial personnel to ensure efficient, transparent, and citizen-centric justice delivery.

Phase IIStatic core

Facts & tables

Key facts

Driving Force

Implementation of new criminal laws (BNS, BNSS, BSA)

Technological Integration

Digital applications like e-FIR, e-Summons, ICJS, e-Sakshya, Nyaya Shruti

Human Resource Development

Large-scale capacity building and training for all stakeholders

Objectives

Improved efficiency, transparency, and accountability

Reference table

Static syllabus anchors

TypeReference
Conceptual areaIndian Polity & Governance

Reference table

Institutions & roles

BodyRole
Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D)Capacity building
State/UT GovernmentsImplements
Phase IIIExam lens

Prelims angle

Overview

Prelims angle: Multi-statement analysis

Prelims angle: Policy measures

Quick revision

  • Integration of digital tools (e-FIR, ICJS, e-Summons).
  • Capacity building for police, judiciary, prosecutors, forensic experts.
  • Aims for faster, transparent, and accountable justice.
  • Central government supplements state efforts financially.
  • Part of broader governance reforms.

High-confidence PYQs

Topic timeline

Indian Polity & Governance

IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW CRIMINAL LAWS

22 Jul 2026 · Comprehensive effort to update criminal laws, integrate digital tools, and train personnel to enhance the efficiency and transparency of the justice system.

Read article

Related topics

Practice writing on this topic

UPSC has asked 8 linked questions on Modernization of India's Criminal Justice System in Mains. Write an answer to one — and get it evaluated.