UPSC Notes

Maritime Security and Naval Capabilities

PYQs

4

Articles

1

Momentum

13

Phase IFoundation

Background

Overview

India has a vast coastline and significant maritime trade, making maritime security vital for its economic prosperity and national security. The Indian Navy's capabilities are crucial for projecting power, protecting interests, and responding to regional and global challenges, especially in the Indo-Pacific.

Maritime security encompasses the protection of a nation's maritime interests, including its coastline, territorial waters, exclusive economic zone, sea lines of communication, and naval assets, from various threats such as piracy, terrorism, illegal fishing, and conventional warfare. Naval capabilities refer to the operational strengths and technological advancements of a country's navy to ensure these security objectives.

Phase IIStatic core

Facts & tables

Key facts

Vessel Capabilities

INS Malvan equipped for Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW), Underwater Surveillance, Low Intensity Maritime Operations (LIMO), and Mine Warfare.

Security Enhancement

Bolsters coastal defence, littoral security, and Maritime Domain Awareness.

Strategic Importance

Critical for safeguarding sea lines of communication (SLOCs) and unimpeded maritime trade.

Operational Integration

Ability to operate seamlessly with larger surface combatants, submarines, and aviation assets.

Reference table

Static syllabus anchors

TypeReference
Conceptual areaIndian Polity & Governance

Reference table

Institutions & roles

BodyRole
Indian NavyImplements
Phase IIIExam lens

Prelims angle

Overview

Prelims angle: Statement-based questions

Prelims angle: Factual recall

Quick revision

  • Protects coastline, EEZ, and Sea Lines of Communication (SLOCs).
  • Combats piracy, terrorism, and illegal maritime activities.
  • Includes ASW, LIMO, and Mine Warfare capabilities.
  • Enhances Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA).
  • Crucial for national security and economic interests.

High-confidence PYQs

Topic timeline

Indian Polity & Governance

INDIAN NAVY COMMISSIONS INS MALVAN, THE SECOND OF THE MAHE-CLASS ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFARE SHALLOW WATER CRAFT

22 Jul 2026 · Maritime security involves protecting India's extensive maritime interests and trade routes from diverse threats, while naval capabilities refer to the Indian Navy's operational and technological strengths, including ASW and coastal defence, to ensure national security and regional stability.

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Related topics

Practice writing on this topic

UPSC has asked 4 linked questions on Maritime Security and Naval Capabilities in Mains. Write an answer to one — and get it evaluated.