Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
International migration is a critical global issue impacting demographics, labor markets, national security, and international relations. India, as a significant source, transit, and destination country for migrants, is directly affected by global migration trends and policies. UPSC examines policy responses, ethical dilemmas, and the role of international cooperation in managing migration flows.
International migration refers to the movement of people across national borders, often driven by economic, social, political, or environmental factors. Refugee policy specifically addresses individuals fleeing persecution or conflict, governed by international conventions like the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol.