Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
UPSC examines internal security threats, their causes, and various state strategies to counter them, including their socio-political and human rights implications. Case studies from different countries provide comparative insights into effective and controversial approaches.
Internal security challenges encompass threats like illegal armed groups, drug trafficking, and organized crime that undermine state authority and societal stability. State responses often involve a spectrum from peace negotiations and social integration to hardline military operations and enhanced law enforcement, each with implications for human rights and democratic governance.