UPSC Notes

Strait of Hormuz and Global Energy Security

PYQs

8

Articles

1

Momentum

21

Phase IFoundation

Background

Overview

Understanding strategic maritime chokepoints like the Strait of Hormuz is essential for comprehending global energy markets, international trade routes, geopolitical vulnerabilities, and India's energy security strategy, given its reliance on West Asian oil.

The Strait of Hormuz is a strategically vital narrow sea passage connecting the Persian Gulf to the Arabian Sea and the open ocean, through which a significant portion of the world's oil supply passes. Its geopolitical importance makes it a critical chokepoint for global energy security, susceptible to disruptions from regional conflicts and political tensions.

Phase IIStatic core

Facts & tables

Key facts

Global Oil Transit Chokepoint

Connects the Persian Gulf to the Arabian Sea, crucial for oil exports from major producers.

Weapon of Mass Disruption

Iran's capacity to block the Strait is seen as a 'weapon of mass disruption' with global economic impact.

Historical Disruptions

Blockades have caused 'biggest energy disruption in human history' and economic havoc.

Strategic Reserves and Clean Energy

Disruptions underscore the indispensability of higher strategic oil reserves and the transition to clean energy.

Reference table

Static syllabus anchors

TypeReference
Conceptual areaEconomic Geography
Conceptual areaInternational Relations

Reference table

Institutions & roles

BodyRole
International Energy Agency (IEA)Monitors and advises
Phase IIIExam lens

Prelims angle

Overview

Prelims angle: Statement-based questions

Prelims angle: Conceptual understanding

Quick revision

  • Location and geographical significance.
  • Role as a major oil transit chokepoint.
  • Vulnerability to regional conflicts (e.g., U.S.-Iran).
  • Impact on global oil prices and supply chains.
  • Importance of strategic oil reserves and diversification of energy sources.

High-confidence PYQs

Topic timeline

Economic GeographyInternational Relations
Prelims 2016· Factual recall, Institutional roles and functions
Prelims 2017· Conceptual understanding, Policy measures

The long-term implications of the U.S.-Iran deal

17 Jun 2026 · The Strait of Hormuz is a critical global energy chokepoint, whose potential disruption by regional conflicts, particularly involving Iran, poses significant threats to global oil supplies, prices, and necessitates robust energy security measures.

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Related topics

Practice writing on this topic

UPSC has asked 8 linked questions on Strait of Hormuz and Global Energy Security in Mains. Write an answer to one — and get it evaluated.