UPSC Notes

Scientific Temper

PYQs

8

Articles

1

Momentum

21

Phase IFoundation

Background

Overview

UPSC emphasizes constitutional values, the promotion of rational thought, and the importance of scientific temper in public policy, education, and societal development, especially in countering misinformation.

Scientific temper, enshrined as a Fundamental Duty in the Indian Constitution under Article 51A(h), mandates every citizen to develop the scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform.

Phase IIStatic core

Facts & tables

Key facts

Constitutional Basis

Fundamental Duty under Article 51A(h).

Components

Spirit of inquiry, reform, and humanism.

Core Principle

Promotes critical thinking, evidence-based reasoning, and a rational outlook.

Societal Role

Essential for distinguishing verifiable knowledge from unscientific claims.

Phase IIIExam lens

Prelims angle

Overview

Prelims angle: Statement-based questions

Prelims angle: Factual recall

Quick revision

  • Fundamental Duty (Art. 51A(h)).
  • Develops spirit of inquiry, reform, humanism.
  • Promotes critical, evidence-based reasoning.
  • Crucial for rational public discourse.
  • Contrasts with unverified claims.

High-confidence PYQs

Topic timeline

A Trojan horse has breached the IITs

23 Jun 2026 · A Fundamental Duty in the Indian Constitution (Art. 51A(h)) promoting rational thought, inquiry, and reform, crucial for fostering a scientific outlook in society.

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Scientific Temper

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