UPSC Notes

Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policies

PYQs

8

Articles

1

Momentum

21

Phase IFoundation

Background

Overview

UPSC examines the effectiveness and challenges of government policies aimed at social justice, inclusive development, and protecting vulnerable populations, especially in the context of large-scale development projects.

Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) policies are government frameworks designed to provide compensation, alternative livelihoods, and social support to individuals and communities displaced or adversely affected by development projects such as dams, mines, or infrastructure. These policies aim to ensure that affected populations are not worse off than before the project.

Phase IIStatic core

Facts & tables

Key facts

Key Legislation

The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (LARR Act, 2013).

Core Objectives

Fair compensation, rehabilitation, resettlement, and ensuring sustainable livelihoods for project-affected persons.

Common Challenges

Inadequate compensation, delays in rehabilitation, lack of proper identification of affected families, loss of traditional livelihoods, social disruption.

Article's Focus

Issues with people being 'left out of the rehabilitation process' and demanding 'improved compensation'.

Reference table

Static syllabus anchors

TypeReference
Conceptual areaSocial Justice
Conceptual areaLand Acquisition
Conceptual areaHuman Rights

Reference table

Institutions & roles

BodyRole
District AdministrationImplements
State GovernmentsImplements
Phase IIIExam lens

Prelims angle

Overview

Prelims angle: Multi-statement analysis

Prelims angle: Policy measures

Quick revision

  • Governed by LARR Act, 2013.
  • Aims for fair compensation and sustainable resettlement.
  • Addresses displacement from development projects.
  • Challenges include inadequate identification and compensation.
  • Ensures affected persons are not worse off.

Elimination traps

Constitutional vs statutoryDistinguishing between the constitutional right to property (now a legal right) and statutory provisions for R&R under the LARR Act.

Check if created by Constitution or by Parliament.

High-confidence PYQs

Topic timeline

Social JusticeLand AcquisitionHuman Rights

Activist on hunger strike over Ken-Betwa river link project ends fast after 18 days

24 Jul 2026 · Rehabilitation and Resettlement policies, primarily governed by the LARR Act, 2013, aim to mitigate the adverse impacts of development projects on displaced communities by ensuring fair compensation and sustainable resettlement. However, their implementation often faces challenges, leading to protests over inadequate provisions.

Read article

Related topics

Current topic

Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policies

Practice writing on this topic

UPSC has asked 8 linked questions on Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policies in Mains. Write an answer to one — and get it evaluated.