Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
UPSC frequently examines the evolving nature of international relations, the theoretical underpinnings of state behavior, and the role of ethics in foreign policy. This concept directly addresses contemporary shifts in global power dynamics and their implications for international order and human consequences.
Realpolitik, a theory of international relations, posits that states primarily pursue their national interests, often through power and material capabilities, rather than ideals or ethical considerations. In the 21st century, this approach is increasingly characterized by a transactional logic, where traditional norms of restraint and accountability are weakening, leading to a detachment of power from broader ethical purposes.