Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
Understanding NTBs is crucial for analyzing global trade dynamics, the effectiveness of trade agreements, India's trade policy challenges, and the evolving nature of protectionism in the 21st century. It directly impacts India's export competitiveness and import regulations.
Non-tariff barriers (NTBs) are policy instruments other than tariffs that restrict trade. They include a wide range of regulations, certifications, licensing rules, product requirements, technical standards, environmental rules, health and safety requirements, and testing procedures that goods must meet before entering a market.