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New International Economic Order (NIEO)

PYQs

8

Articles

1

Momentum

21

Phase IFoundation

Background

Overview

NIEO represents a significant historical effort by developing countries to challenge the existing global economic order, highlighting the North-South divide and debates on global economic justice, which remain relevant in discussions on multilateralism and development.

The New International Economic Order (NIEO) was a set of proposals put forward by developing countries, primarily through the Group of 77 and the Non-Aligned Movement in the 1970s, aiming to reform the global economic system to be more equitable and responsive to their needs.

Phase IIStatic core

Facts & tables

Key facts

Advocates

Primarily advocated by the Global South, led by the Group of 77 (G77) and the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) in the 1970s.

Core Objective

Sought to transform global financial institutions like the World Bank and IMF to better serve the requirements of newly decolonised economies.

Key Demands

Aimed at addressing historical economic inequalities, promoting economic sovereignty, fairer terms of trade, and greater control over natural resources for developing nations.

Historical Context

Emerged during a period of decolonisation and increasing assertiveness of developing countries against the existing Bretton Woods system.

Reference table

Static syllabus anchors

TypeReference
Conceptual areaInternational Relations

Reference table

Institutions & roles

BodyRole
Group of 77 (G77)Advocated
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)Advocated
Phase IIIExam lens

Prelims angle

Overview

Prelims angle: Statement-based questions

Prelims angle: Factual recall

Quick revision

  • Proposed by Global South (G77, NAM) in 1970s.
  • Aimed to reform global economic system for equity.
  • Demanded transformation of IMF, World Bank.
  • Sought fairer trade and control over resources.
  • Reflected North-South economic divide.

High-confidence PYQs

2025Multi-statement analysis, Institutional roles and functions

Consider the following statements in respect of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD): I. It provides loans and guarantees to mid...

EconomyOpen question
2023Multi-statement analysis, Factual recall

Consider the following statements about G-20: 1. The G-20 group was originally established as a platform for the Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governor...

International RelationsOpen question
2019Factual recall, Conceptual understanding

Which one of the following is not a sub-index of the World Bank’s “Ease of Doing Business Index”?

EconomyOpen question
2016Factual recall, Conceptual understanding

With reference to the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC), consider the following statements: 1. IMFC discusses matters of concern affectin...

International RelationsOpen question

Consider the following statements with reference to ‘IFC Masala Bonds’ - 1. The International Finance Corporation, which offers these bonds, is an arm of th...

EconomyOpen question

Consider the following statements: 1. New Development Bank has been set up by APEC. 2. The headquarters of the New Development Bank is in Shanghai. Which of...

International RelationsOpen question

Recently, which one of the following currencies has been proposed to be added to the basket of IMF’s SDR?

EconomyOpen question
2016Statement-based questions, Conceptual understanding

With reference to the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC), consider the following statements: 1. IMFC discusses matters of concern affectin...

International RelationsOpen question

Consider the following statements with reference to ‘IFC Masala Bonds’ - 1. The International Finance Corporation, which offers these bonds, is an arm of th...

EconomyOpen question

Consider the following statements: 1. New Development Bank has been set up by APEC. 2. The headquarters of the New Development Bank is in Shanghai. Which of...

International RelationsOpen question

Recently, which one of the following currencies has been proposed to be added to the basket of IMF’s SDR?

EconomyOpen question
2016Statement-based questions, Factual recall

With reference to the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC), consider the following statements: 1. IMFC discusses matters of concern affectin...

International RelationsOpen question

Consider the following statements with reference to ‘IFC Masala Bonds’ - 1. The International Finance Corporation, which offers these bonds, is an arm of th...

EconomyOpen question

Consider the following statements: 1. New Development Bank has been set up by APEC. 2. The headquarters of the New Development Bank is in Shanghai. Which of...

International RelationsOpen question

Recently, which one of the following currencies has been proposed to be added to the basket of IMF’s SDR?

EconomyOpen question
2016Statement-based questions, Factual recall

With reference to the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC), consider the following statements: 1. IMFC discusses matters of concern affectin...

International RelationsOpen question

Consider the following statements with reference to ‘IFC Masala Bonds’ - 1. The International Finance Corporation, which offers these bonds, is an arm of th...

EconomyOpen question

Consider the following statements: 1. New Development Bank has been set up by APEC. 2. The headquarters of the New Development Bank is in Shanghai. Which of...

International RelationsOpen question

Recently, which one of the following currencies has been proposed to be added to the basket of IMF’s SDR?

EconomyOpen question
2014Factual recall

Which of the following organizations brings out the publication known as ‘World Economic Outlook’?

EconomyOpen question

Topic timeline

International Relations
Prelims 2014· Factual recall

Which of the following organizations brings out the publication known as ‘World Economic Outlook’?

Open question
Prelims 2016· Factual recall, Conceptual understanding

With reference to the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC), consider the following statements: 1. IMFC discusses matters of concern affectin...

Open question

Consider the following statements with reference to ‘IFC Masala Bonds’ - 1. The International Finance Corporation, which offers these bonds, is an arm of th...

Open question

Consider the following statements: 1. New Development Bank has been set up by APEC. 2. The headquarters of the New Development Bank is in Shanghai. Which of...

Open question

Recently, which one of the following currencies has been proposed to be added to the basket of IMF’s SDR?

Open question
Prelims 2016· Statement-based questions, Conceptual understanding

With reference to the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC), consider the following statements: 1. IMFC discusses matters of concern affectin...

Open question

Consider the following statements with reference to ‘IFC Masala Bonds’ - 1. The International Finance Corporation, which offers these bonds, is an arm of th...

Open question

Consider the following statements: 1. New Development Bank has been set up by APEC. 2. The headquarters of the New Development Bank is in Shanghai. Which of...

Open question

Recently, which one of the following currencies has been proposed to be added to the basket of IMF’s SDR?

Open question
Prelims 2016· Statement-based questions, Factual recall

With reference to the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC), consider the following statements: 1. IMFC discusses matters of concern affectin...

Open question

Consider the following statements with reference to ‘IFC Masala Bonds’ - 1. The International Finance Corporation, which offers these bonds, is an arm of th...

Open question

Consider the following statements: 1. New Development Bank has been set up by APEC. 2. The headquarters of the New Development Bank is in Shanghai. Which of...

Open question

Recently, which one of the following currencies has been proposed to be added to the basket of IMF’s SDR?

Open question
Prelims 2016· Statement-based questions, Factual recall

With reference to the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC), consider the following statements: 1. IMFC discusses matters of concern affectin...

Open question

Consider the following statements with reference to ‘IFC Masala Bonds’ - 1. The International Finance Corporation, which offers these bonds, is an arm of th...

Open question

Consider the following statements: 1. New Development Bank has been set up by APEC. 2. The headquarters of the New Development Bank is in Shanghai. Which of...

Open question

Recently, which one of the following currencies has been proposed to be added to the basket of IMF’s SDR?

Open question
Prelims 2019· Factual recall, Conceptual understanding

Which one of the following is not a sub-index of the World Bank’s “Ease of Doing Business Index”?

Open question
Prelims 2023· Multi-statement analysis, Factual recall

Consider the following statements about G-20: 1. The G-20 group was originally established as a platform for the Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governor...

Open question
Prelims 2025· Multi-statement analysis, Institutional roles and functions

Consider the following statements in respect of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD): I. It provides loans and guarantees to mid...

Open question

Group of Seven | A platform for the globalised elite

21 Jun 2026 · The NIEO was a 1970s initiative by developing nations (G77, NAM) to establish a more equitable global economic system, demanding reforms in international financial institutions and fairer terms of trade.

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