Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
The NIA is a crucial institution for India's internal security architecture, especially in combating terrorism. UPSC examines its role, powers, jurisdiction, and its impact on federalism and human rights, making it relevant for GS2 (governance, federalism) and GS3 (internal security).
The National Investigation Agency (NIA) is India's central counter-terrorism law enforcement agency, established under the National Investigation Agency Act, 2008, in the aftermath of the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks. It functions under the Ministry of Home Affairs and is empowered to investigate and prosecute offenses affecting the sovereignty, security, and integrity of India, particularly those related to terrorism.