Foundation
Static background & why it matters
Overview
Human rights are fundamental entitlements inherent to all human beings, universally protected and inalienable, regardless of nationality, sex, national or ethnic origin, race, religion, language, or any other status. In conflict zones, these rights are complemented and sometimes superseded by International Humanitarian Law (IHL), which specifically regulates the conduct of armed conflict and aims to limit its effects.
UPSC frequently examines the adherence to international human rights and humanitarian law, especially in conflict situations, and the role of international bodies in ensuring state accountability. It's crucial for understanding global governance and ethical dimensions of state power.
Key facts
Human Rights
Inherent entitlements of all individuals, universally protected.
International Humanitarian Law (IHL)
Rules that seek to limit the effects of armed conflict for humanitarian reasons.
Conflict Zone
An area where armed conflict is taking place, leading to heightened risks of human rights and IHL violations.
Non-derogable Rights
Certain human rights that cannot be suspended even during states of emergency or armed conflict (e.g., right to life, freedom from torture).