Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
UPSC emphasizes good governance, administrative reforms, and the functioning of the Indian parliamentary system (GS2). Understanding challenges in other democracies provides comparative insights into political stability, executive accountability, and the need for ethical leadership, which are crucial for India's own governance framework.
Governance challenges refer to systemic issues that hinder effective administration, policy implementation, and public trust within a political system. In parliamentary democracies, these can manifest as frequent changes in leadership, policy paralysis, ethical lapses within the executive, and difficulties in managing complex socio-economic issues, often leading to public disenchantment.