Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
India's economic prosperity and strategic interests are deeply tied to secure maritime trade routes. Incidents affecting these routes, especially those involving Indian citizens, directly impact India's foreign policy and security calculus. UPSC frequently tests India's role in global maritime governance and security challenges.
Freedom of Navigation is a principle of customary international law that guarantees vessels the right to travel through international waters without impediment, crucial for global trade and economic stability. Maritime security encompasses measures taken to protect shipping and sea lanes from threats like piracy, terrorism, and state-sponsored attacks.