Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
El Niño is a critical factor in understanding India's climate variability, particularly monsoon performance, drought frequency, and associated impacts on agriculture, water resources, and disaster management. Its predictability is vital for national planning.
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major climate phenomenon characterized by periodic warming (El Niño) and cooling (La Niña) of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. It significantly influences global weather patterns, including the strength and distribution of the Indian monsoon.