Background
Overview
El Niño is a recurring global climatic phenomenon with profound and multi-sectoral implications for India's economy, agriculture, food security, social equity, and development goals. Understanding its mechanisms and impacts is crucial for policy formulation in disaster management, economic planning, and climate adaptation.
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a recurring climate pattern involving changes in the temperature of waters in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. El Niño, the warm phase of ENSO, is associated with a band of warm ocean water that develops in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific, leading to significant global weather and climate disruptions, often resulting in weaker monsoons and drought conditions in India.