Phase IFoundation
Background
Overview
It's a critical human rights issue, reflecting on the state of governance, police accountability, and the effectiveness of judicial oversight in protecting citizens' liberties. It's a recurring theme in GS2 (Polity, Governance, Social Justice).
Custodial violence refers to any form of torture, ill-treatment, or death of individuals while in police or judicial custody. It is a grave violation of human rights, particularly the right to life and personal liberty guaranteed under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, and undermines the rule of law.